INTRODUCTION: The kingdom will finally come under the rule of David, but not before his character is tested; as once again, men think the death of a member of Saul’s family will bring pleasure to the new king.

1. TWO MEN ASSASSINATE ISH-BOSHETH (2 Samuel 4:1-8 [1] And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. [2] And Saul's son had two men that were captains of bands: the name of the one was Baanah, and the name of the other Rechab, the sons of Rimmon a Beerothite, of the children of Benjamin: (for Beeroth also was reckoned to Benjamin. [3] And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.) [4] And Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled: and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth. [5] And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went, and came about the heat of the day to the house of Ishbosheth, who lay on a bed at noon. [6] And they came thither into the midst of the house, as though they would have fetched wheat; and they smote him under the fifth rib: and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped. [7] For when they came into the house, he lay on his bed in his bedchamber, and they smote him, and slew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and gat them away through the plain all night. [8] And they brought the head of Ishbosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king, Behold the head of Ishbosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed.
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1. The Situation in Israel (2 Samuel 4:1-4 [1] And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled. [2] And Saul's son had two men that were captains of bands: the name of the one was Baanah, and the name of the other Rechab, the sons of Rimmon a Beerothite, of the children of Benjamin: (for Beeroth also was reckoned to Benjamin. [3] And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.) [4] And Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled: and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth.
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1. They receive the news of Abner’s death (2 Samuel 4:1And when Saul's son heard that Abner was dead in Hebron, his hands were feeble, and all the Israelites were troubled.
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1. Ish-bosheth’s hands are feeble.
2. All Israel is troubled.
2. Ish-bosheth’s captains of bands (2 Samuel 4:2-3 [2] And Saul's son had two men that were captains of bands: the name of the one was Baanah, and the name of the other Rechab, the sons of Rimmon a Beerothite, of the children of Benjamin: (for Beeroth also was reckoned to Benjamin. [3] And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.)
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1. Baanah and Rechab
2. Both sons of Rimmon
3. Of the Beerothites
1. After Beeroth, a city allotted to Benjamin (Joshua 18:25Gibeon, and Ramah, and Beeroth,
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2. At some point, the Beerothites fled to Gittaim (2 Samuel 4:3And the Beerothites fled to Gittaim, and were sojourners there until this day.)
   See All...), another city of Benjamin (Nehemiah 11:33Hazor, Ramah, Gittaim,
   See All...), possibly fleeing the Philistines.
3. Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth (2 Samuel 4:4And Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled: and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame. And his name was Mephibosheth.
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1. Five years old at the death of his father and grandfather
2. In fleeing the Philistines, he fell and became lame.
2. The Assassination of Ish-bosheth (2 Samuel 4:5-6 [5] And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went, and came about the heat of the day to the house of Ishbosheth, who lay on a bed at noon. [6] And they came thither into the midst of the house, as though they would have fetched wheat; and they smote him under the fifth rib: and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped.
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1. Ish-bosheth slept at noon (2 Samuel 4:5And the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, Rechab and Baanah, went, and came about the heat of the day to the house of Ishbosheth, who lay on a bed at noon.
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2. The sons of Rimmon pretend to fetch wheat (2 Samuel 4:6And they came thither into the midst of the house, as though they would have fetched wheat; and they smote him under the fifth rib: and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped.
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3. They kill Ish-bosheth, smiting him under the fifth rib (2 Samuel 4:6And they came thither into the midst of the house, as though they would have fetched wheat; and they smote him under the fifth rib: and Rechab and Baanah his brother escaped.
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3. The Escape to King David (2 Samuel 4:7-8 [7] For when they came into the house, he lay on his bed in his bedchamber, and they smote him, and slew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and gat them away through the plain all night. [8] And they brought the head of Ishbosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king, Behold the head of Ishbosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed.
   See All...)
1. They behead Ish-bosheth (2 Samuel 4:7For when they came into the house, he lay on his bed in his bedchamber, and they smote him, and slew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and gat them away through the plain all night.
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2. They escape across the plain by night (2 Samuel 4:7For when they came into the house, he lay on his bed in his bedchamber, and they smote him, and slew him, and beheaded him, and took his head, and gat them away through the plain all night.
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3. They bring the head to David (2 Samuel 4:8And they brought the head of Ishbosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king, Behold the head of Ishbosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed.
   See All...).
4. They proclaim vengeance on David’s enemies (2 Samuel 4:8And they brought the head of Ishbosheth unto David to Hebron, and said to the king, Behold the head of Ishbosheth the son of Saul thine enemy, which sought thy life; and the LORD hath avenged my lord the king this day of Saul, and of his seed.
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2. DAVID EXECUTES THE ASSASSINS (2 Samuel 4:9-12 [9] And David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and said unto them, As the LORD liveth, who hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity, [10] When one told me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead, thinking to have brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who thought that I would have given him a reward for his tidings: [11] How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth? [12] And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up over the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ishbosheth, and buried it in the sepulchre of Abner in Hebron.
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1. David Replies to the Men (2 Samuel 4:9-11 [9] And David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and said unto them, As the LORD liveth, who hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity, [10] When one told me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead, thinking to have brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who thought that I would have given him a reward for his tidings: [11] How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth?
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1. I slew the man who claimed to kill Saul (2 Samuel 4:9-10 [9] And David answered Rechab and Baanah his brother, the sons of Rimmon the Beerothite, and said unto them, As the LORD liveth, who hath redeemed my soul out of all adversity, [10] When one told me, saying, Behold, Saul is dead, thinking to have brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, who thought that I would have given him a reward for his tidings:
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2. Shall I not require this blood of you (2 Samuel 4:11How much more, when wicked men have slain a righteous person in his own house upon his bed? shall I not therefore now require his blood of your hand, and take you away from the earth?
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1. He was righteous.
2. He was in his own house.
3. He was on his own bed.
2. David Has the Men Slain (2 Samuel 4:12And David commanded his young men, and they slew them, and cut off their hands and their feet, and hanged them up over the pool in Hebron. But they took the head of Ishbosheth, and buried it in the sepulchre of Abner in Hebron.
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1. They cut off their hands and feet.
2. They hang them over the pool in Hebron.
3. They properly bury the head of Ish-bosheth with Abner.
3. ALL ISRAEL ACCEPTS DAVID AS KING (2 Samuel 5:1-5 [1] Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. [2] Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel. [3] So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel. [4] David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years. [5] In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.
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1. Israel Anoints David as King (2 Samuel 5:1-3 [1] Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh. [2] Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel. [3] So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel.
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1. Israel points out their kinship with David (2 Samuel 5:1Then came all the tribes of Israel to David unto Hebron, and spake, saying, Behold, we are thy bone and thy flesh.
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2. Israel accepts the prophecy concerning David (2 Samuel 5:2Also in time past, when Saul was king over us, thou wast he that leddest out and broughtest in Israel: and the LORD said to thee, Thou shalt feed my people Israel, and thou shalt be a captain over Israel.
   See All...; 1 Samuel 16:1And the LORD said unto Samuel, How long wilt thou mourn for Saul, seeing I have rejected him from reigning over Israel? fill thine horn with oil, and go, I will send thee to Jesse the Bethlehemite: for I have provided me a king among his sons.
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3. The elders of Israel make a league with David (2 Samuel 5:3So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel.
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4. The elders of Israel anoint David as their king (2 Samuel 5:3So all the elders of Israel came to the king to Hebron; and king David made a league with them in Hebron before the LORD: and they anointed David king over Israel.
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2. The Summary of David’s Reign (2 Samuel 5:4-5 [4] David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years. [5] In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.
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1. Begins to reign at thirty (2 Samuel 5:4David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years.
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2. Reigns for forty years (2 Samuel 5:4-5 [4] David was thirty years old when he began to reign, and he reigned forty years. [5] In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.
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1. 7 ½ years in Hebron over Judah (2 Samuel 5:5In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.
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2. 33 years in Jerusalem over all Israel (2 Samuel 5:5In Hebron he reigned over Judah seven years and six months: and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty and three years over all Israel and Judah.
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4. DAVID TAKES JERUSALEM AS HIS CAPITAL (2 Samuel 5:6-9 [6] And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither. [7] Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David. [8] And David said on that day, Whosoever getteth up to the gutter, and smiteth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind that are hated of David's soul, he shall be chief and captain. Wherefore they said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house. [9] So David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. And David built round about from Millo and inward.
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1. David Takes the Stronghold of Zion (2 Samuel 5:6-7 [6] And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither. [7] Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David.
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1. He brings the armies of Israel to Jerusalem (2 Samuel 5:6And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither.
   See All...; 1 Chronicles 11:4And David and all Israel went to Jerusalem, which is Jebus; where the Jebusites were, the inhabitants of the land.
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2. The Jebusites declare their city invincible (2 Samuel 5:6And the king and his men went to Jerusalem unto the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land: which spake unto David, saying, Except thou take away the blind and the lame, thou shalt not come in hither: thinking, David cannot come in hither.
   See All...; 1 Chronicles 11:5And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David.
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3. David takes the stronghold which is called the city of David (2 Samuel 5:7Nevertheless David took the strong hold of Zion: the same is the city of David.
   See All...; 1 Chronicles 11:5And the inhabitants of Jebus said to David, Thou shalt not come hither. Nevertheless David took the castle of Zion, which is the city of David.
   See All..., 7).
2. David Promises the Victor a Captainship (2 Samuel 5:8And David said on that day, Whosoever getteth up to the gutter, and smiteth the Jebusites, and the lame and the blind that are hated of David's soul, he shall be chief and captain. Wherefore they said, The blind and the lame shall not come into the house.
   See All...; 1 Chronicles 11:6And David said, Whosoever smiteth the Jebusites first shall be chief and captain. So Joab the son of Zeruiah went first up, and was chief.
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3. David Builds Up around the City Castle (2 Samuel 5:9So David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. And David built round about from Millo and inward.
   See All...; 1 Chronicles 11:8And he built the city round about, even from Millo round about: and Joab repaired the rest of the city.
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5. DAVID ESTABLISHES HIMSELF IN JERUSALEM (2 Samuel 5:10-16 [10] And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts was with him. [11] And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house. [12] And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake. [13] And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David. [14] And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shammuah, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, [15] Ibhar also, and Elishua, and Nepheg, and Japhia, [16] And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphalet.
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1. David Is Greatly Blessed by God (2 Samuel 5:10-12 [10] And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts was with him. [11] And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house. [12] And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake.
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1. David goes on and grows greatly (2 Samuel 5:10And David went on, and grew great, and the LORD God of hosts was with him.
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2. Hiram builds David a house (2 Samuel 5:11And Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters, and masons: and they built David an house.
   See All...; 1 Chronicles 14:1Now Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and timber of cedars, with masons and carpenters, to build him an house.
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3. David recognizes God’s blessing (2 Samuel 5:12And David perceived that the LORD had established him king over Israel, and that he had exalted his kingdom for his people Israel's sake.
   See All...; 1 Chronicles 14:2And David perceived that the LORD had confirmed him king over Israel, for his kingdom was lifted up on high, because of his people Israel.
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2. David Expands His Family (2 Samuel 5:13-16 [13] And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David. [14] And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shammuah, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, [15] Ibhar also, and Elishua, and Nepheg, and Japhia, [16] And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphalet.
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1. With more wives and concubines (2 Samuel 5:13And David took him more concubines and wives out of Jerusalem, after he was come from Hebron: and there were yet sons and daughters born to David.
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2. With more sons and daughters (2 Samuel 5:14-16 [14] And these be the names of those that were born unto him in Jerusalem; Shammuah, and Shobab, and Nathan, and Solomon, [15] Ibhar also, and Elishua, and Nepheg, and Japhia, [16] And Elishama, and Eliada, and Eliphalet.
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6. DAVID DEFEATS THE PHILISTINES IN REPHAIM (2 Samuel 5:17-25 [17] But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold. [18] The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. [19] And David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up to the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto David, Go up: for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into thine hand. [20] And David came to Baalperazim, and David smote them there, and said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baalperazim. [21] And there they left their images, and David and his men burned them. [22] And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. [23] And when David enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. [24] And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines. [25] And David did so, as the LORD had commanded him; and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gazer.
   See All...; see 1 Chronicles 14:8-17 [8] And when the Philistines heard that David was anointed king over all Israel, all the Philistines went up to seek David. And David heard of it, and went out against them. [9] And the Philistines came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. [10] And David enquired of God, saying, Shall I go up against the Philistines? And wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto him, Go up; for I will deliver them into thine hand. [11] So they came up to Baalperazim; and David smote them there. Then David said, God hath broken in upon mine enemies by mine hand like the breaking forth of waters: therefore they called the name of that place Baalperazim. [12] And when they had left their gods there, David gave a commandment, and they were burned with fire. [13] And the Philistines yet again spread themselves abroad in the valley. [14] Therefore David enquired again of God; and God said unto him, Go not up after them; turn away from them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. [15] And it shall be, when thou shalt hear a sound of going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt go out to battle: for God is gone forth before thee to smite the host of the Philistines. [16] David therefore did as God commanded him: and they smote the host of the Philistines from Gibeon even to Gazer. [17] And the fame of David went out into all lands; and the LORD brought the fear of him upon all nations.
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1. The First Battle (2 Samuel 5:17-21 [17] But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold. [18] The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. [19] And David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up to the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto David, Go up: for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into thine hand. [20] And David came to Baalperazim, and David smote them there, and said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baalperazim. [21] And there they left their images, and David and his men burned them.
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1. The Philistines hear that David is king (2 Samuel 5:17But when the Philistines heard that they had anointed David king over Israel, all the Philistines came up to seek David; and David heard of it, and went down to the hold.
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2. They spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim (2 Samuel 5:18The Philistines also came and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.
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3. David gets God’s approval before going to battle (2 Samuel 5:19And David enquired of the LORD, saying, Shall I go up to the Philistines? wilt thou deliver them into mine hand? And the LORD said unto David, Go up: for I will doubtless deliver the Philistines into thine hand.
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4. David defeats the Philistines in Rephaim (2 Samuel 5:20And David came to Baalperazim, and David smote them there, and said, The LORD hath broken forth upon mine enemies before me, as the breach of waters. Therefore he called the name of that place Baalperazim.
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5. David and his men burn their images (2 Samuel 5:21And there they left their images, and David and his men burned them.
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2. The Second Battle (2 Samuel 5:22-25 [22] And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim. [23] And when David enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. [24] And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines. [25] And David did so, as the LORD had commanded him; and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gazer.
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1. The Philistines come to Rephaim again (2 Samuel 5:22And the Philistines came up yet again, and spread themselves in the valley of Rephaim.
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2. David enquires again and receives new instructions (2 Samuel 5:23-24 [23] And when David enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees. [24] And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines.
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1. Circle around behind them (2 Samuel 5:23And when David enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees.
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2. Come over against the mulberry trees (2 Samuel 5:23And when David enquired of the LORD, he said, Thou shalt not go up; but fetch a compass behind them, and come upon them over against the mulberry trees.
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3. Wait for the sound in the tops of the trees (2 Samuel 5:24And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines.
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4. Then get up and attack (2 Samuel 5:24And let it be, when thou hearest the sound of a going in the tops of the mulberry trees, that then thou shalt bestir thyself: for then shall the LORD go out before thee, to smite the host of the Philistines.
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5. NOTE: Most of us would have assumed that the same problem (Philistines in the valley of Rephaim) would have been solved by the same solution (frontal attack). We might not have enquired of God the second time around. But that would have been a grave error for David. God’s ways are not our ways and we must always be seeking and listening to the will of God in our lives (Proverbs 3:5-6 [5] Trust in the LORD with all thine heart; and lean not unto thine own understanding. [6] In all thy ways acknowledge him, and he shall direct thy paths.
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3. God gives David the victory (2 Samuel 5:25And David did so, as the LORD had commanded him; and smote the Philistines from Geba until thou come to Gazer.
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1. David is obedient.
2. David smites the Philistines.

CONCLUSION: The early days of David’s reign leave no question as to why he is called a man after God’s own heart. He is glorious in character and glorious in battle.